Dining Feature

It was a clever plan to conflict with congruity, and Open this sort Of café †not a Korean feasting place. Singling is a slang term for Singapore and Western (English). Its menu holds Asian foods that are not normally around the metro and Western luxuries which the Filipinos are very used to. The café had a special assault on food; it is the first to present Singapore dishes in the avenues of Marking, and brain you, its menu is typically the shopping center commendable and overrated kind of menu, yet hello, they offer food at an entirely sensible price.Walking along Lilac road, a private and eating street in Barraging Conception Dos in Marking, it is very perceptible that Singling Cafe is a recently opened bistro on the grounds that for the individuals who know the spot, the slow down they are currently involving has for quite some time been empty, and with long, I implied outrageously long. Another is the point at which you look all things considered, their inflection of red a nd dark subtleties over light earthy colored wooden furniture looks one of a kind contrasted with the other 3 cafés adjacent to it. Entering the vacant café on a Sunday evening, what welcomed me was a tense and laid back inside design.All household items are wooden, a couple of seats and the casing of a gigantic mirror are wooden however are hued red. Their menu is along the counter and furthermore on all tables. They additionally have a writing slate menu that holds the beverages they have. I sat down on the left half of the burger joint just over their tremendous mirror with red wooden casing. At my back is a wooden divider with white little casings with photographs of food that they offer. The menu on the table is just imprinted in bond paper, however a clipboard holds it and makes it somewhat more presentable.I chose to arrange 4 dishes, ND underneath are my audits on the four: MME Green (PH 168. 00) †The primary dish that showed up is the MME Green, a Singapore dish. The dish looks sort of orange with observable reduced down chicken, and it had a green emphasize on account of the cabbages which are crunchy †new, in reality! It came out with a solid fish and hot smell, yet when once tasted it, it turned out not very hot and not very impartial. It is spiced perfectly. You can without much of a stretch water down the fieriness. No big surprise that the noodles are very firm since they are singed yellow noodles.I was simply brain of mistook searching for shrimps and fish pieces, yet there were no. I, at that point, pondered where the solid fish smell may originate from. The dish was so oriental in light of the flavors joined in it. Succulent Lucy Burger (PH 198. 00) †This dish is the shish in Singling. This burger is their top rated Western dish. The burger bun was introduced in a one of a kind way. It resembled joint boards framed like a bloom. Outside the burger were cabbage strips, a tomato cut and a cucumber cut beat with Thousand Islands dressing.These vegetables were additionally in the burger, however the tomato ND the cucumber were multiplied, and rather than cabbage strips, the burger had an entire crunchy cabbage leaf. The vegetables and the % pound hamburger patty are showered with mustard. The patty looks standard, however once you start eating it, gradually you can see the softened cheddar inside it. It's anything but a standard patty, I swear, it was fiery and gooey simultaneously. The cheddar praises the zestiness of the patty (with hotness I implied loaded with flavors). Braised Pork Belly with Steamed Rice (PH 188. 0) †The Braised pork gut and the Rice were served independently. The dish looked clearly gave pork Cuts, earthy colored sauce and spring onions that additional a green highlight to it. Its sauce is earthy and smooth. It is very salty and takes after the flavor of Showing's Sad Sauce. The pork was still very extreme making it difficult to bite. The rice works out positively for the dish s ince it diminishes the saltiness of the sauce. Nonetheless, it is appalling that I have just gulped the rice yet the pork remained in my mouth since it was hard to bite. Oat Shrimp (PH 298. 0) - ? Glancing through the menu, this dish struck me cause I have not yet attempted Shrimps with Cereals. The dish was presented with 3 Fried shrimps and a lot of oats as garnish. With the oats practically overpowering the shrimps, the dish was altogether shading light earthy colored with orange and green contacts as a result of the shrimps and the curry leaves separately. Started stripping the shrimps and saw that it looks very much cooked even all things considered, and I simply checked it when I tasted it. It possessed a flavor like plain shrimp until I attempted it with the oats. It tasted rich, and the oats were crunchy.

An Overview of Peace and Conflict Free Essays

AN OVERVIEW OF PEACE AND CONFLICT DEFINITIONS: Peace is regularly observed as the opposite of war. I. e. We will compose a custom paper test on An Overview of Peace and Conflict or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now harmony and war as cut out of the same cloth. Consequently the meaning of harmony as the nonattendance of war, and that of war as the nonappearance of harmony The issue with this definition is that it doesn't clarify everything about harmony and war For instance even in circumstances of war, a few states of harmony despite everything win. E. g. in demonstrate hatred for the long stretches of threats between the Israelis and Palestinians, both have had the option to agree on the utilization of their water assets. Besides, the definition doesn't consider the issue of auxiliary viciousness, in the expressions of John Galtung. As indicated by Galtung, war speaks to just one type of viciousness, which is physical, open and direct. The others type of viciousness has to do with social states of life. This comprises of †¢Poverty †¢Exclusion †¢Intimidation †¢Oppression †¢Want †¢Fear and †¢Other types of mental weight So from this investigation, it is conceivable not to have tranquility even where there is no war. This is the circumstance in nations where there is intense destitution, police fierceness, abuse of the poor by the rich, utilization of influence to threaten individuals by people with significant influence. Indeed, even where there is no war in such social orders, they may not encounter harmony (Ibeanu) OTHER VIEW OF CONFLICT: †¢Conflict as the quest for contrary interests and objectives by various gatherings †¢Conflict happens as a battle over qualities. The qualities might be as far as physical of material belongings or assets, status or force. (Louise Coser) †¢Central to strife is the issue of observation. At the point when one gathering sees the activity of another as forestalling or obstructing the accomplishment of an objective, clash is said to happen. Consequently the two fixings essential for struggle to happen are: ? Seen objective inconsistency ?Perceived open door for impedance or blocking. At the end of the day, strife happens when a proposed activity is seen to be unfriendly or unfavorable to the acknowledgment of one’s goal Generally discernment is a result of man’s physiological, subjective and social auras which obviously vary from individual to people, and starting with one condition then onto the next. In this way, we can say that contention is unavoidable to the degree that it is basic to the presence of any foundation, body or society It is inescapable in light of the fact that individuals are normally not quite the same as each other in their mentality, observation and direction. Be that as it may, clashes could be dangerous if not appropriately took care of. Subsequently we frequently sat that the way and way clashes are settled separates one association or society from another. Different PERSPECTIVE OF PEACE †¢To the Instrumentalists: Peace is an unfortunate obligation. Here the nonattendance of war serves the target of social advancement and improvement. At the end of the day, where there is harmony, society will encounter positive change in all aspects of life. 2. TO THE FUNCTIONALISTS: Peace has a social capacity of coordination and request. That harmony is basic if society is to work appropriately. On the off chance that not the social and political framework will encounter pressure, and afterward brake down. 3. TO THE PHILOSOPHERS: Many rationalists decipher harmony as a characteristic, unique, natural condition of human presence. I. e. , the pre-defilement condition of man in the public arena, as God set up it. This is the God’s made condition of flawlessness. Instances OF PHILOSOPHERS †¢St. Augustine of Hippo: He recognized â€Å"two cities†, in particular; The city of God, established on immaculate sublime harmony and otherworldly salvation; and the Earthly city of man, established on securing and possessive mindset of man, however degenerate and consistently in struggle. †¢John Rousseau: He sees from the edge of a condition of nature, the first reality of man where there are no wants, where men were normally acceptable, free and appreciate quietness. Be that as it may, this air was debased by human want and insatiability for private property †¢THOMAS HOBBES His contention was that harmony is a result of the condition of nature where life was poor dreadful, brutish and short, and where society was in a condition of interminable war. For men to defeat this sorry state, they set out to build up an implicit agreement in which each surrendered his/her entitlement to self insubordination to incredible power (what he called the leviathan) most importantly to which all were subject, accordingly making an increasingly quiet and systematic life †¢THE HEDONISTS AND UTILITARIANS Argue that people normally look for satisfaction and maintain a strategic distance from torment, and thusly lean toward harmony to war and brutality. PLATO: He tends to the social setting of harmony. He considers equity to be the most key premise of requested public activity. For him, equity is the premise of serene public activity. Equity is given to every hello or her live. Plato characterizes society as far as three classes of individuals: †Workers †occupi ed with creation †men of hunger †Soldiers †safeguard the general public †men of boldness - Rulers †Govern the general public †Men of Knowledge Each must work inside his territory of skill, and where this doesn't work, he sees bad form †¢SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF PEACE The Sociologist additionally addresses the social setting of harmony †¢The Sociologist considers harmony to be a state of social amicability, the nonattendance of social oppositions †¢Peace to the humanist, is a condition wherein there is no social clash and people and gatherings can live up to their necessities and desires This is accomplished through the foundation of structures to play out certain fundamental elements of society; for instance a general public must help, it must teach it residents, produce products government and its regularly give security to its individuals. To accomplish these structures, for example, schools, businesses, parliaments, courts and military are built up. †¢Therefore to the sociologists, harmony is accomplished where these structures play out their capacities sufficiently †¢TO THE MARXISTS: †¢Conflict is a result of rationalistic realism †¢It is a result of the structure of remunerations in the general public †¢It is an impression of the idea of class and class battle †¢This breeds a battle for the control of the methods for creation in the general public †¢The aftereffect of the chaperon imbalance is in two folds; Violence executed by the high society on the persecuted †Violence built by the abused against the decision class †progressive viciousness. Thus the expression â€Å"Those who roll out tranquil improvement unthinkable roll out brutal improvement inevitable† †¢Political Perspective of Peace †¢Politically harmony is equivalent with political request when the political structures are steady, we discuss harmony in the general public: †¢Peace is likewise observed as a political condition that makes equity conceivable. The colapse of the political structures lead men to look for other course to uphold their will. These might be as Mob activity, showing, strikes or even military upsets To guarantee harmony accordingly the political structures must be steady and viable to degree that they play out their job. Strategically, these must ensure residents investment in the political procedure; guarantees resistance of contradicting sees; and empower bartering and exchange. Likewise politically, harmony recommends that legislature doesn't depend on pressure and the instruments of power, (for example, armed force, police) in managing residents Instead individuals eagerly acknowledge and comply with the directs of government Peace in this sense hints shared agree and consent to regard the principles overseeing a general public whether locally or universally. In any case, the inquiry is whose request? Should each political request be continued just to guarantee harmony (e. g. The Nazis, Mobutus, Abacha) Instructions to refer to An Overview of Peace and Conflict, Essay models

Needles

Needles I got my first piercing in eighth grade, at Walmart. I had done horribly in a Mathcounts competition, so my mom and I decided that I should get a haircut. A lady at Walmart cut my hair boy-cut short and then my mom said wouldn’t my newly androgynous haircut look wonderful with strips and loops of metal through my ears? And I said that sounded kind of nice. So another lady at Walmart used a piercing gun (which requires little more training than a stapler) to put two new holes in my ears. A few months of ick and ouch later I started putting shiny metal things through my ears. I soon discovered that I couldn’t choose between earrings in the morning. The worst was that they matched: how nice that pearl stud would look with that gold hoop, or that fake green diamond stud with that twisty metal thing. My indecision didn’t fade as I got older. A turning point came when last weekend my friend Ami ’14 decided to get a cartilage piercing and I decided to tag along, ostensibly for moral support but inwardly with sinister ulterior motives. Finally, I thought, I would extinguish my morning dilemma. If I got my ears pierced again, I could wear two pairs of earrings at the same time. Never again would I have to choose between dangly earrings and studs. But what if I got an infection from the piercing needle? Images of graffiti-covered basement tattoo parlors filled my head. What if they didn’t sterilize their needles? Worse, what if the needle missed my ear completely? I’d endure an IAP-long struggle recovering from the horrible bleeding, only to get an infection that would last the whole semester. Even if I didn’t get stabbed in the wrong place I’d still get an infection from my own negligence, probably during the semester. I spent most of finals week living on Pop-Tarts; if I couldn’t even feed myself, how could I take care of two whole ears? Would I look silly? Could I ever get a job? What about a mortgage? Could I ever be a real grownup? I wondered if this was reminiscent of that time in middle school when I wanted to start wearing makeup so I could draw blue hearts around my eyes. People would see the two earrings and wonder if I couldn’t decide between studs and danglies in the morning and all I could say is yes, that is precisely why I paid money to have holes put in my body. And then I saw my turtle earring, so green and lovable, and thought how wonderful it would be to wear it alongside my green studs. A little green turtle and a matching green dot. I could even get a smaller green turtle earring, so my ear could have a mommy turtle and a baby turtle. It would be so cute. And then I caved. Ami picked out a place in Harvard Square that a lot of our friends recommended. It was freezing. We got on the wrong side of the Red Line, watched the wind chime installation, watched a train go by in the wrong direction, walked outside, crossed the street, and got on again on the other side. The tattoo parlor looked surprisingly like a doctor’s waiting room with masks and red paint on the walls and relaxing music. We picked out our studs for the next eight weeks and signed a release form. After a few minutes I was called into the operating room. It looked surprisingly like a doctor’s office, complete with a blue leather seat with a paper cover. My surgeon introduced himself as Greg. Greg had gauges in his ears, tattoos, and a palette of needles. He picked one up. “Is this going to hurt?” I said. “No,” he said, “it’s a marker.” He marked my earlobes with two black dots and showed me in the mirror. Apparently Walmart put my first piercings in the wrong place. He would put the next two where the first two should have been. Greg picked up a needle and said the piercing would feel like a shot. He told me to take a deep breath. The prick in my ear was followed by a moment of panic. I held my breath. My heart kept beating. I thought I felt my sternum curl up toward my spine. Another deep breath. And it was done. Greg explained how to clean my ears. Then it was Ami’s turn. Five minutes later we were free. We had pizza next door and took the T home.

Does Wasp Spray Work for Self-Defense

A viral message circulating since 2009 advocates using wasp spray for self-defense instead of pepper spray because its allegedly more effective and works at a greater distance. Theres precious little proof that this is true, however. Apart from some YouTube videos and anecdotal claims from anonymous parties, no real research has been done. Origins of the Story Description: Email rumor / Viral textCirculating since: June 2009Status: Questionable (details below)Example #1:Email contributed by Marv B., January 20, 2010: Wasp SprayA friend who is a receptionist in a church in a high risk area was concerned about someone coming into the office on Monday to rob them when they were counting the collection. She asked the local police department about using pepper spray and they recommended to her that she get a can of wasp spray instead.The wasp spray, they told her, can shoot up to twenty feet away and is a lot more accurate, while with the pepper spray, they have to get too close to you and could overpower you. The wasp spray temporarily blinds an attacker until they get to the hospital for an antidote. She keeps a can on her desk in the office and it doesnt attract attention from people like a can of pepper spray would. She also keeps one nearby at home for home protection... Thought this was interesting and might be of use.FROM ANOTHER SOURCEOn the heels of a break in and beating that left an elderly woman in Toledo dead, self defense experts have a tip that could save your life..Val Glinka teaches s elf-defense to students at Sylvania Southview High School . For decades, hes suggested putting a can of wasp and hornet spray near your door or bed.Glinka says, This is better than anything I can teach them.Glinka considers it inexpensive, easy to find, and more effective than mace or pepper spray. The cans typically shoot 20 to 30 feet; so if someone tries to break into your home, Glinka says, spray the culprit in the eyes. Its a tip hes given to students for decades.Its also one he wants everyone to hear. If youre looking for protection, Glinka says look to the spray.Thats going to give you a chance to call the police; maybe get out.Maybe even save a life.Please share this with all the people in your life.Analysis U.S. residents tempted to avail themselves of this Internet-recommended self-defense option by stockpiling wasp spray would do well consider that federal law prohibits the use of any pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. Likewise, some states forbid carrying substances for self-protection that arent specifically authorized for that purpose. There could be significant liability issues involved. The main ingredient of pepper spray is capsaicin, an oil extracted from chili peppers which temporarily causes severe irritation of the eyes and lungs, producing a strong burning sensation and difficulty breathing. Wasp sprays, on the other hand, consist of one or more insecticides such as pyrethrum or propoxur. While the toxic side-effects of such chemicals do, in fact, include eye and lung irritation in humans, they are chemical poisons, the main purpose of which is killing pests. Wasp Spray vs. Pepper Spray Notwithstanding variations among specific products (of which there are many), its probably true that wasp and hornet sprays in general, because theyre manufactured for use at greater distances, project further and more accurately than pepper sprays, which typically have a range of six to 10 feet. How reliably wasp and hornet sprays would actually work as a deterrent against human assailants is bound to vary, however, given differences in formulation and the fact that they werent made for that use in the first place. To my knowledge, no one has ever tested or documented the effectiveness of insecticide sprays for self-defense. Until they do, prudence would dictate refraining from using it that way. One reader who accidentally received a dose of wasp spray while using it around his home told me he was surprised at how little irritation he felt. A gust of wind caused a good splash of the spray to come right back into my right eye, he wrote. I panicked and started to run to a source of water, only to find there was no adverse reaction at all, no more than being squirted with a water pistol. It took me at least ten seconds to get to the water, and I rinsed it off, and never felt anything from it. Update While we still lack any academic research, various videos have appeared on the Internet putting these claims to the test. In Pepper Spray vs. Wasp Spray Challenge (2015), a subject is given tasks to complete after being sprayed with each item. Wasp spray was found to be significantly less incapacitating than pepper spray. In Wasp Spray vs. Pepper Spray (2012), personal safety expert David Nance concluded that wasp spray is impractical both to carry and to use as a self-defense tool.

Public Administration and Ethics Essay - 677 Words

Public Administration amp; Ethics In public administration, decisions are a lot of times made based upon ethical principles, which are the perception of what the general public would agree is correct. This helps keep the administrators ethical because they first must ask themselves if they will be under public scrutiny if they don’t make an ethical decision. Ethics has also placed additional burden on public administrators regarding how they handle their personal lives. When a person enters into the public realm, a lot of the details that would normally be private from their individual lives become made available for public record. These ‘details’ are things such as the individual’s health, finances, any misconduct on record, etc.†¦show more content†¦Corruption is a huge issue in public administration. There is a lot of temptation for the individual in the public eye to use their high authority position for their personal well-being. The government must keep a close eye on t his as it often becomes an issue. The issue of corruption can be as small as low level city government and can go as high as the president. Public administrators also have to decipher the difference between â€Å"majority of the people† versus just public interest. Just because the majority of the people think that guns should be banned because they can cause death, doesn’t mean that it’s the right thing to do for society. The minority of the people might think that they deserve to keep their 2nd amendment rights and keep protecting their families. In this case, the minority may be right versus the majority. The government must decipher such differences. Just because the majority may believe something, it may not be in the best interest for the entire public. The government must defend the human rights of minority groups in order to defend human rights. In some cases, this can be an ethical issue because the government may sway more towards the majority to keep more people happy to win votes. A current example of privatization of government is President Obama and his healthcare reforms. President Obama wants to de-privatize health care because it is â€Å"public interest†. He wants the health care to beShow MoreRelatedEthics And The Public Administration2014 Words   |  9 PagesEthics is an important characteristic to have in today’s society; many people lack ethics or lack the understanding of what ethics is. It can play a valuable role in your everyday lives and activities. Ethics is a culture where people can distinguish right from wrong and make knowledgeable decisions based on the fact and not a personal belief. Public administration ethics is described as the representative’s administrator’s duty to the public to make considerate decisions based on the informationRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Public Administration System Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesAdministrative Ethics is one of the terms of Administrative science which begins with an d grounded in duty. The nature, meaning and scopes of ethics have overgrown in the course of time. Ethics is thickened to public administration. In public administration, ethics concentrates on how the public administrator should question and reflect in order to be able to act responsibly. We can simply bisect the two by saying that ethics deals with morals and values, while public administration is full of actionsRead MoreProfessional Ethics And Public Administration2137 Words   |  9 PagesGenerally, the issue of ethics especially in the business world is very complicated. Accordingly, many scholars have tried to explain the rationale behind being ethical. For instance, early scholars such as Milton Freidman and Adam Smith explains this issue by exploring on the social responsibilities of corporates, as well as in the theory of incentives whereby the rationale is driven by the needs of either the firm or an individual who is profit maximization and maximization of utility by hou seholdsRead MoreUnethical Behavior Has A Negative Impact On The Public, Economy And Work Environment Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesEthics according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group† (Ethic, 2015). As public administration professionals, we have a duty to make ethical decisions and always put the general public’s interest before our interest. Repeatedly, the general public is being confronted with unethical behavior. Unethical behavior continues to be a persistent problem in the public, nonprofit and for-profit sectors. Some recent unethical behavior includesRead MoreH. George Frederickson’s The Spirit of Public Administration Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Spirit of Public Administration† is an informative yet drab look at motivating public administrators. Frederickson discusses a wide variety of topics that would be useful to any public administrator, but the verbiage use d is a bit difficult for an individual that may be entering into the service field â€Å"The Spirit of Public Administration is broken down into three parts. These parts are: Part I: Governance, Politics, and the Public Part II: Issues of Fairness Part III: Ethics, Citizenship, andRead More How Does the Public Sector Work? Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesIf you dont understand how the public sector is supposed to work, how can you ensure that it is working? An easy definition of public administration is, â€Å"the implementation of government policies† (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010), or, â€Å"the implementation of public policy† (Infoplease.com, 1997). While policies and procedures seem to be continuously up for debate, it should be noted that, an informed public are the only sure-fire way to ensure that the public sector stays on track with meeting theRead More public administration Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The roll of ethics in public administration is based on the administration; administrators should be value-free when they implement public policy. I will discuss why ethics should be based on the administration and, why it should not be based on each individual worker in the administration. I will discuss Weber’s stance on values in bureaucratic organizations, what Macintyre suggests, and what Hummel and Goodsell would conclude about values in public administration. Most people do not understandRead MoreEssay about Ethical Behavior in Public Management594 Words   |  3 PagesEthical behavior in leaders in Public Administration has a significant impact on their employees and the environment of their work place. Ethics is not looked at in the same light in other parts of the world. What some cultures view as normal behavior, our culture may view as unethical or corruption. (Branscome, 2008, p. 1). Some behaviors in other cultures have been instilled as a normal way of doing business. In our culture, employees feel their leaders should be beyond reproach in order forRead MoreEthics and Accountability in Public Service1697 Words   |  7 PagesEthics, Integrity and Accountability in Public Sector: Practice and Lessons Learned in Latvia Alekse js Loskutovs, Director Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau Latvia 28 September 2006 (10 min.) The public sector in Latvia has undergone many important changes over the past decade. In mid 1990s Latvian government started a major public administration reform. This reform was one of the cornerstones on Latvia’s way to the European Union, which we joined in May 2004. Latvia made a great effortRead MorePolicing1068 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Perla M. Flores CJA/484 Criminal Justice Administration Capstone March 10, 2014 Fran Hart Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Ethics in criminal justice administration is a very important aspect because professionals within the criminal justice system make important decisions every day that involves critical thinking, and the choices they make will have an impact in society;

How does bilateral trading differ from electricity pooling Free Essays

string(257) " Capacity short and Capacity sufficient countries Capacity short and Capacity sufficient countries as far as energy is concerned, refer to countries whose demand response for energy is short and sufficient respectively \(through capacity mechanism\)\[13\]\." ABSTRACT Liberalisation in the energy sector opened opportunities for new market entrants leading to high competition in the market. As such, countries were forced to change their models of electricity trading in order to remain efficient and competitive in the market. The differences between bilateral and electricity pooling models are well described by the arrangements made. We will write a custom essay sample on How does bilateral trading differ from electricity pooling? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this sense, the differences between bilateral and electricity pooling will be critically analyzed pointing out the differences between contracts for differences, power purchase agreements, differences in market structure, rules and procedures. The research in question is expected to reveal the inefficiencies that are associated with electricity pooling (centralized market system) and the reason why most countries are transferring to bilateral trading (decentralized market system). Equally important, a comparison of both models of trading to each other in a liberalised market will be carried to show that bilateral trading is a market oriented model and as such, the most efficient in a liberalized market. CHAPTER ONE Introduction To begin with, electricity as a commodity has the capability to be sold, bought and traded altogether. At the most basic level, it is not easy to store electricity and as such, it has to be available on demand. Therefore, electricity has to go through a cycle of generation, transmission, distribution, supply and metering and as such, the supply should meet the demand[1]. According to Crew, Schuh the Centre for Research in Regulated Industries[2], â€Å"electricity markets are defined by the physical realities of transmission systems along with the features of regulation and the institutions†. In the same line of deliberation, electricity marketing is based on various models and in this context, there will be an exploration of bilateral and electricity pooling models along with a comparison of both to each other in a liberalised market. Background of Study According to Bjornebye [3], electricity trading may take place bilaterally or at organized markets, where contracts for the sale and purchase of electricity under bilateral trading are entered into directly between the seller and the buyer. It can also be done by the help of trading institutions, brokers or basically out of the sole initiative of the parties in the contract. Fundamentally, such agreements or contracts are termed as over-counter contracts, abbreviated OTC[4].Currently, it has been noted that in many European electricity markets, bilateral trading has been playing a key role. On the other hand, electricity pooling is the mechanism through which electricity contracts involve predetermined multilateral contracts amongst participants in the market[5]. Importantly, bilateral trading is market-oriented in design as it encourages more interaction between sellers and the buyers. While this is the case, electricity pooling operates as a centralized trading model and as such, competition is exclusively on generators with nominal contribution from the buyers[6]. A critical analysis of the two models in a liberalized market would make it easy to suggest which models work most efficiently. Statement of the Research Problem Having stated that electricity is a commodity that cannot be stored, it then becomes essential to determine the best model of trading that can efficiently be used in a liberalized market. Following this point, the statement of the research problem is how bilateral trading differs from electricity pooling detailing the major differences in terms of contract for differences and power purchase agreements, differences in Market Structure and the differences in Market Rules and Procedures. This will then shed light on which model works best in a liberalised market. Objective of the Research The main objective of the study is to show the main differences in terms of contract for differences in power purchase agreements, differences in Market Structure and the differences in Market Rules and Procedures for both bilateral and electricity pooling models of trading. Research Questions The research in question is meant to answer the following questions: How does bilateral trading differ from electricity pooling What are the differences between contract for differences and power purchase agreement, differences in Market Structure and the differences in Market Rules and Procedures Which is the most efficient model in a liberalized market Significance The study in question is of great importance to the electricity industry in the sense that the results obtained can be used to make recommendations on which model of trading is the most efficient; bilateral trading or electricity pooling. Again, stakeholders in the electricity market can use the information to make informed decisions. Study Plan CHAPTER TWO Liberalisation in the energy sector In reference to Collier, European University Institute Working Group on Environmental Studies[7], energy being an important commodity, should receive free movement. Outstandingly, government intervention in the energy sector has always been strong and as such, public regulation and ownership is what has controlled the sector. Recently, there has been much reform, and as such, a number of countries across the world have changed their focus from the traditional one to liberalisation made possible through international energy investment law[8]. It is actually through the liberalisation of the energy sector that markets have been opened to competitors. The rationale for liberalization is deemed to have been merely based on arguments of economists. This is to suggest that liberalisation is deemed to reduce barriers in the market along with the increased economic efficiency[9]. According to Geistberger[10], liberalization of the energy sector has been well received by some states while others have lagged behind. However, Geistberger[11], points out that through liberalisation prices are expected to be lower owing to more efficiency in both the allocation and the management of resources. In particular, Europe has lagged behind with a large percentage of the major gas utilities focusing on the domestic operations. However, if such companies exploited the liberalisation opportunity, then, Europe would benefit from more merger and acquisition opportunities also, Europe would benefit from better investment in the management and infrastructure along with the creation of opportunities for distribution companies[12]. Capacity short and Capacity sufficient countries Capacity short and Capacity sufficient countries as far as energy is concerned, refer to countries whose demand response for energy is short and sufficient respectively (through capacity mechanism)[13]. In this sense, a capacity short country cannot supply enough energy and as such, cannot even try to engage in the cross border marketing or meet demand. On the other hand, a capacity sufficient country has the capability to supply energy sufficiently even at its peak loads. Such a country can then engage in cross border trading (liberalized market) without being constrained. Brief Description of Pooling Principally, electricity pooling operates in the market under arrangements of trading that are mandatory along with compulsory bidding and settlement procedures. The goal of electricity pooling is to maximise on the social welfare made possible through electricity production and consumption[14]. The main participants in an electricity pool are the generators, system operators, market operators and suppliers just to mention a few and as such, they are the ones who are obliged to sign the pooling agreements. For compulsory pools, generators are required to sell their output to the pool and as such the price is determined by the pool. Notably, electricity pools often allow member generators to place bids on the amount of electricity that they can generate given a certain price. It is clear in this case that the buyers input is not considered. Pools operate on an hourly basis whereby generators have to compete to meet demands of each hour. Brief description of bilateral trading Kirschen Strbac[15] asserts that bilateral trading involved two parties, namely the buyer and the seller. In this sense, the contracts entered in this case are without the interference or facilitation from a third party. Basically, the amount of time and the quantities of energy available for trading enable the sellers and buyers to choose different forms of bilateral trading[16]. Such forms of bilateral trading take in customized long-term contracts which are used on small amounts of energy in over counter trading which are meant for large amounts of energy. Bilateral trading may also take the form of electronic trading which is commonly used in a computerized market place. Needless to say, prices in a bilateral trading are determined by parties involved. CHAPTER THREE Comparison Notably, both electricity pooling and bilateral trading models have both advantages and disadvantages but is worthy to note that bilateral trading gives opportunities for the parties involved to trade without restrictions to . On the other hand, electricity pooling allows generators to find a market for their electricity. Comparison between contract for differences and power purchase agreement Contract for differences (CFD) is a contract between two parties which takes in a buyer and a seller and in particular, it shows that the seller is to pay the buyer the difference realized between the current value of the particular asset and the value at the time of the contract. In other words it is an equity derivative that gives room for the parties involved to speculate on share movements without the need to own the underlying shares. In this sense, there is no connection between the CFD and the system operator; therefore there is no market operator in this case[17]. On the other hand, power purchase agreements refer to contracts that are entered into between two parties. In particular, it is a contract entered in by the seller (electricity generator) and the buyer (the one who seeks to purchase electricity). It is actually a take it or leave it contract and as such, the producer is obliged to finance, design, build, maintain, own and as such monitor the energy production asset of the host and then sell the power to the host at a rate that is negotiated at a predetermined moment in time[18]. Differences in Market Structure Both the electricity pooling and the bilateral models of trading have abstract differences. For instance, electricity pooling assumes a centralized market accompanied with a central schedule and dispatch of generators. On the contrary, a bilateral model assumes a decentralised market with much dependence on self dispatch. Whereas, pools have their contracts based purely on finances and as such, contracts entered into are used to manage the fiscal risks. Quite the opposite can be said of the bilateral model that uses contracts as the main tools of trade. Differences in Market Rules and Procedures Market rules and procedures in both models of trading differ. While pools are not considered as markets owing to lack of involvement of buyers in price determination, bilateral models make a better market owing to the involvement of buyers and sellers in the process of trading. Notably, differences of prices due to demand fluctuations are common in pools and as a result, CFDs are commonly used in order to cope with the volatility of prices[19]. There is less volatility in a bilateral model since there is room for negation between the buyer and the seller. Therefore, use of power purchase agreements is common with this model. Therefore, in pools the price is determined without input from the buyer while in a bilateral model; price determination is reached through a negotiation between the buyer and the seller. CHAPTER FOUR Country specific text and cases (E.g England and Wales Experience) Noticeably, The England and Wales Experience have proved to be a good example owing to its use of the electricity pooling model in the 1990s. However, the new labour Government in power in the UK from May 1997 introduced new reviews of the systems of energy owing to the government’s concern over manipulation of the pool by large generators. Electricity trading arrangements were subsequently reviewed and the year 2001 witnessed a launch of new rules termed as New Electricity Trading Arrangements (NETA)[20]. This allowed electricity trading to be conducted outside a central power market (pool) and as such, the trading took place in a bilateral model of trading whereby sellers and buyers were afforded the opportunity to negotiate the prices of the electricity. This led to enhanced competition and price reductions along with the introduction of a balancing mechanism which ensured stability of the market system by either paying for the shortfalls or being paid for excesses. CHAPTER FIVE Conclusion Basically, electricity pooling and bilateral trading present two models of trading with different ideas of operation. In actuality, electricity pooling is a centralized market system while the bilateral model of trading is decentralised. As such, the bilateral model of trading allows competition and the interaction between buyers and sellers and as a result, it is the most efficient method for use in a liberalized market. Thus a liberalised market allows suppliers to compete across the whole spectrum of the market and as such, just as bilateral trading, liberalization allows room for competition. REFERENCES Bajpai, P Singh, SN 2004, Electricity Trading In Competitive Power Market: An Overview And Key Issues , International Conference On Power Systems, ICPS, Kathmandu, Nepal P110. Bielecki,J Desta, MG 2004, Electricity Trade In Europe: Review Of Economic And Regulatory Challenges, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands. Bjornebye, H 2010, Investing in Eu Energy Security: Exploring the Regulatory Approach to Tomorrow’s Electricity, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands. Brennan, TJ, Palmer, KL Martinez, S 2002, Alternating Currents: Electricity Markets and Public Policy, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC. Cameron, PD 2010, International energy and investment law: the pursuit of stability, Oxford University press, New York, USA. Collier, U, European University Institute Working Group on Environmental Studies 1998, Deregulation in the European Union: Environmental Perspectives, Routledge, New York. Cottrell, M 2011, Guidebook to the Leed Certification Process: For Leed for New Construction, Leed for Core Shell, and Leed for Commercial Interiors, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. Crew, MA, Schuh, JC Center for Research in Regulated Industries (Rutgers University) 2003, Markets, Pricing, and Deregulation of Utilities, Springer, Massachusetts. Dow, S 2008, Electricity Privatisation, Liberalisation and Contracting, (Lecture Notes on Downstream Energy Law and Policy, University of Dundee, CEPMLP. Geistberger, M 2012, The Internationalization of Energy Firms: A Literature Review, GRIN Verlag, German. Harris, C 2006, Electricity Markets: Pricing, Structures And Economics, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Kirschen, DS Strbac, G 2004, Fundamentals of Power System Economics, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development 2004, Energy Policies of IEA Countries: The Netherlands 2004 Review, OECD Publishing, Paris, France. How to cite How does bilateral trading differ from electricity pooling?, Essay examples

Shakespeares Definition Of A Ghost Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares Definition Of A Ghost Essay Shakespeares Definition of a GhostThe American Heritage Dictionary, published in 1973, defines a ghost as,the spirit or shade of a dead person, supposed to haunt living persons orformer habitats. Unfortunately, this simple definition does not explain where aghost comes from or why it haunts. When used in the context of ShakespearesHamlet, this definition seems to suggest that the ghost who visits Hamlet trulyis his dead father seeking revenge. To the modern reader, this straightforwardinterpretation adequately characterizes the ghost and his purpose; however, tothe Elizabethan audience the ghosts identity proved more complex. For theElizabethans, four different types of ghosts existed, each with its own purposeand qualities. Before they could determine the meaning behind the ghostsappearance, the Elizabethans had to classify the ghost in one of the fourcategories. Similar to the modern definition, the Elizabethans believed in thepossibility of the ghost being an actual dead person se nt to perform some taskor mission. On the other hand, the ghost could be the devil disguised in theform of a deceased loved one, tempting to procure the soul of one of the living. The nonbelievers among the Elizabethans saw ghosts as omens, telling of troubledtime ahead, or simply as the hallucinations of a crazed person or group. Shakespeare recognized the complexity of the Elizabethan ghosts identity andplayed off of the confusion, making the question of identity a key theme to hisplay. Throughout Hamlet Shakespeare explores each of the possible identities ofthe ghost with each one adding a new twist to Hamlets plight. When news of the ghosts presence first reaches Hamlet and Horatio, theydeclare it an omen of forthcoming evil. Hamlets reaction indicates that he isnot surprised, My fathers spirit in arms? All is not well. / I doubt somefoul play. Would the night were come! / Till then sit still, my soul. Foul deedswill rise, / Though all the earth oerwhelm them, to mens eyes (I.iii.255-259). Hamlet already believes that Gertrude has committed a foul deed in marryingClaudius and the ghosts appearance supports Hamlets anger. At the time, Hamletdoes not know of his fathers murder, but he suspects there may be more behindthe ghosts appearance and he is anxious to learn its complete meaning. Horatio,too, sees the ghost as an omen, but he also realizes that the omen may mean thedownfall of them all, In what particular thought to work I know not; / But, ingross and scope of my opinion, / This bodes some strange eruption to our state(I.i.67-69). Thus, as an omen, the ghost does little more than foreshadow thecoming tragedy in Shakespeares Hamlet. When Hamlet first encounters the ghost he truly believes it is hisfather. Perhaps out of shock, Hamlet quickly certifies the validity of the ghost,It is an honest ghost, that let me tell you (I.v.138). Hamlets trust in theghost causes him to promise revenge before he has clearly processed the possibleconsequences; Hamlet does not ask questions, he simply believes. According tocustom, if a father was killed it was up to the son to seek the properreparations, often the death of the murderer. Thus it is no wonder that Hamletsthoughts rapidly turn toward revenge once he hears the ghosts story. Hamletcannot be blamed for his initial trust; it is typical of a first emotionalreaction to rush blindly without considering consequences or repercussions. Furthermore, Shakespeare makes it clear at the beginning of the play thatHamlets mourning is especially deep and prolonged, How is it that the cloudsstill hang on you? (I.ii.65) questions Claudius. Hamlet wants to believe theghost because its presence allows him to converse with a father he so dearlymisses, and whose untimely death prevented Hamlet from saying his proper good-bye. .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 , .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .postImageUrl , .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 , .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:hover , .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:visited , .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:active { border:0!important; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:active , .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0 .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb254b31781d50af416bdfe9a08498d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christmas Is A Good Holiday For Many Reasons EssayHamlets initial trust and belief quickly dissipates as he begins tohave doubts; in fact, Hamlets view of the ghost reverses and he comes to see itas the devil disguised as his dead father. Within a relatively short period oftime, Hamlet emotionally changes from extreme trust to extreme distrust. Whileat first he anxiously seeks revenge, his new view of the ghost causes him to askquestions and doubt the necessity of such an attack on Claudius. Hamlet startsto consider the consequences of his actions and the possibility of damnation:. . . The spirit that I have seenMay be a devil, and the devil hath powerT assume a pleasing s hape, yea, and perhapsOut of my weakness and my melancholy,As he is very potent with such spirits,Abuses me to damn me . . . (II.ii.610-615)Hamlets doubts lead him to use The Mousetrap to determine the guilt of Claudiusand the validity of the ghost. Hamlet reasons that if Claudius shows signs ofguilt than the ghost truly is his risen father, but if Claudius remains stoic,than the ghost is the devil in disguise. The fault in Hamlets reasoning lies inthe possibility of the devil telling the truth to acquire Hamlets soul for hisdark purposes. As the play progresses, Hamlets insanity grows and in Act III, theghost appears for the last time as a hallucination. When the ghost appears inGertrudes chamber, only Hamlet is able to see it, causing the Queen to questionhis sanity, Alas, how ist with you, / That you do bend your eye on vacancy, /And with th incorporal air do hold discourse? (III.iv.117-119). At thebeginning of the play, Horatio and the others all saw the ghost, yet now onlyHamlet can see it. In this context, Shakespeare uses the hallucination of theghost to bolster Hamlets insanity and to indicate that Hamlet has made hisdecision to seek revenge and kill Claudius. Before, the ghost was the only proofHamlet had of his fathers murder and he needed its assurance in order to actout his revenge. After The Mousetrap and Claudius reaction, Hamlet has seenwith his own eyes the Kings guilt and has enough evidence to seek revenge onhis own the reality of the ghost is no longer needed. Depending on the view of the ghost, the tragedy of Hamlet can beunderstood in several distinct ways. When seen as an omen, the blood bath withwhich the play ends is both unavoidable and foreshadowed. If the ghost is trulyHamlets father, than Hamlet dies heroically, revenging his fathers untimelymurder. On the other hand, if the ghost is really the devil, Hamlet has beentragically tricked into relinquishing control of his soul; sadly Hamlet knewbetter, but his reasoning and intelligence were no match for the devils guile. Finally, the hallucination view of the ghost presents Hamlet as a tragiccharacter whose obsession with his fathers death and his mothers incestuousmarriage lead to his downfall. Regardless of the reality or validity of theghost, Hamlets death and thus his tragedy, remains.